By Dr. Georgiana Farrugia Bonnici, Specialist in Family Medicine, MRCGP (Int.), MSc Family Medicine, MD, BSc (Hons). Radiography. Dip. Cardiology, Gerontology, Mindful Mental Health, Nutrition, Homeopathy & Creative Writing.
Heatstroke is a condition which is caused due to overheating, when the body temperature rises to 40 degrees Celsius or higher, as a result of a prolonged exposure to excessively high ambient temperatures. Such condition is most prevalent during Summer in hot, humid weather, and is more likely to occur throughout physical activity or working outdoors in hot climates.
Heatstroke requires immediate emergency treatment, as an untreated heatstroke may damage vital organs such as the brain, the heart, the kidneys as well as the muscles, causing an increased risk of serious complications or death.
Population groups which are at an increased risk for heatstroke include
being elderly, those with chronic illnesses who are on certain types of medications such as anti-hypertensives, diuretics, anti-depressants or anti-psychotics, outdoor sports athletes and children. Dehydration, alcohol intoxication, as well as use of illicit drugs could also put an individual at a greater risk for developing heatstroke.
The classic warning signs and symptoms of heatstroke signs may include
flushed skin with a core body temperature of 40 degrees Celsius or higher; an altered mental state such as confusion, lethargy, agitation, slurred speech, irritability, delirium or seizures; nausea or vomiting; hyperventilation; palpitations and headache.
Preventive measures to avoid heatstroke include
frequent and adequate water intake, limiting outdoor activities in the scorching sun, especially in high UV peaking hours (between 11am to 4pm), installation of air conditioning systems indoors, wearing lighter garments, staying in the shade, using high SPF sunscreen, as well as never leaving anyone in parked cars (including pets).
If you think an individual may be experiencing a heatstroke, call 112 and take immediate actions to cool the overheated person, such as getting them into a shady area or indoors, cold water immersion, removing excess clothing, placing ice packs, cooling blankets or wet towels on the individual's head, neck, armpits and groin, tapid sponging or directing cool air on the individual via a fan.
Disclaimer: This article is provided for general informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your doctor or another qualified healthcare professional with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
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